A

Abnaki 

      sannup n • [Algonquian; Narraganset sannop, Abnaki senanbe a married male member of the community] 

abuse; abusively

      fart n a • generalized term of abuse, esp for a man

      four-flusher n • often used as a vague term of abuse

      red-neck n 5 • orig applied abusively to..members and supporters of the National Miners’ Union

      sapsucker n 4 • Used as a term of abuse for a person

      snipe n 7 • Used as a term of abuse

      trifling adj 1 • used as a vague term of abuse

      turd beetle n • also used as a term of abuse

Acadian

      ploye n • [Canadian (esp Acadian) Fr]

affected (See also hyperurbanism)

      ask v A1c (pronc) • occas considered an affected pronc

      aunt n A1 (pronc) • sometimes considered affected, esp when overcorrected to [ɔnt]

      either adj, adv, pron, conj • often considered affected

affection; affectionate(ly)

      bubeleh n • affectionate form of address

      bugger n¹ B2 • freq used affectionately

      bumps n² • used as an affectionate form of address

      cack n¹ • [..cf other derog terms applied affectionately to children..]

      chickie n 3 • used as an affectionate term of address

      codger n 1 • often derog, sometimes affectionate

      critter n B3 • affectionate

      chickie n 3 • used as an affectionate term of address

      darky n 1 • formerly often considered neutral or affectionate; now usu considered offensive

      duffer n • used with a wide range of connotations from derog to affectionate

      dupa n • also used as an affectionate term for a person

      fart n b • a term of affection

      galoot n • usu derog, occas affectionate

      home boy n 1 • affectionate or derog

      hunks n 1 • somewhat old-fash; occas affectionate

little old adj phr • Used to express disparagement, familiarity, or affection

      lollipop n 2 • also used as an affectionate nickname

      nigger n¹ B1c • Used in a relatively neutral or affectionate sense by White speakers

      peanut n 3 • sometimes used as an affectionate term for a small child

      poot n 2 • a..sometimes affectionate term for a person

      shitepoke n B5 • used affectionately

      skeester n • often used as an affectionate term for a child

      skeezicks n • ..usu used affectionately of a child

      tick n¹ 4 • Used as a derog, or rarely affectionate, term for a person

      toot n¹ 1 • used derogatorily or affectionately of a person

Africa; African (See also African, Central; Africa(n), West)

      all both pron • [Perh an African calque..]

      all two adj, pron, conj • [..prob an African calque..]

      biddy n³ • [Prob coalescence of biddy n¹ and beedie of Afr origin..]

      bim adv • [..perh of Afr origin]

      bloodynoun n • [..perh of Afr orig]

      boo boo n¹ • [Prob from an Afr word (cf Fon bũbũ insect)..]

      broadus n • [..from Port barata bargain, a loanword into Afr pidgins or creoles..]

      bungo n • [AmSpan bongo, prob from an Afr language]

      crack one’s teeth v phr • [Afr calque..]

      cudjoe-wood n • [Cudjoe African day-name for a male born on Monday + wood]

      cunner n² • [Perh by coalescence of canoe, ult from Arawak, with Gullah ˈ kunu, ult Afr..]

      cush n¹ • [Of Afr orig, ult from Arabic..]

      cut-eye n, v • [..prob loan transl of an Afr idiom..]

      for prep B2 • [..prob been infl by one or more African languages..]

      fuh v • [Prob Afr..; cf DJE fi particle introd infin³ 2]

      goober n¹ • [Of Afr origin..]

      goofer n • [Of Afr origin]

      gris-gris n • [Fr creole, ult of Afr orig]

      gumbo n • [LaFr, of African origin..]

      joog v • [Prob of Afr origin (cf DJE juk, DBE jook)..]

      juba n • [Perh Afr; cf DJE Juba..]

      magofer n • [..perh of Afr or AmInd origin..]

      mojo n • [Of Afr origin..]

      ofay n • [..African sources have been proposed.., but the lack of early attestations weakens the hypothesis..]

      Sambo n¹ • [From a personal name of Afr origin..]

      suck one's teeth v phr • vocal “gesture”..in Black cultures in Africa, the Caribbean, and the US

      sweet-mouth v • [Prob of Afr origin]

      swonger adj • [Of Afr origin..]

      swonger v • [Of Afr origin..]

      titty n¹ • [..for possible Afr lang analogues cf DBE]

      tote v • [Perh of Afr orig..]

      wanga n • [Haitian Creole, ult of Afr orig]

African, Central

      cooter n • [Afr, akin to Bambara, Malinké kuta turtle; also Central Afr nkudu..]

Africa(n), West

      banjo n • [Intro from W Africa in var forms prob ult < Port banza guitar]

      be v B8b • by substrate infl from W Afr languages

      day clean n • [Prob transl of a West African expression..]

      duppy n • [Bube (a Bantu language of West Afr) dupe ghost..]

      foo-foo n¹ • [Of West African origin, rel to Ewe fu₁fu₁..and Fon fufu..]

      hoodoo n • [W Afr..]

      John Canoe n • [Folk-etym from W Afr source..]

      ki intj • [W Afr..]

      nyam v • [Of W Afr origin..]

      pickaninny n • [W Afr and W Indian Creoles, of Span or Port origin; OED2 1657 ➝]

      poor joe n² • [Prob of West Afr origin.., affected..by folk- etym..]

      poppy show n • [..widespread in Caribbean and W Afr creoles..]

      say conj • [From any of several W Afr languages;..cf DBE say, DJE se]

      una pron • [W Afr; cf Igbo unu you (pl); cf also DJE unu, DBE ona]

      voodoo n • [LaFr voudou of W Afr origin; cf Ewe, Fon vodu spirit, demon]

Alabama

      butt-head n • chiefly S Atl, AL (MAP)

      Cajun n¹ 3 • AL

      dog fly n 1 • chiefly C and S Atl, AL (MAP)

      fiddle worm n • AL

      flip n¹ 1 • Midl, Sth, esp AL

      garage apartment n • scattered, but esp TX, AL, SC

      gooselock v • esp AL

      guinea squat n • esp AL, FL, GA

      key n 3 • chiefly S Atl, AL (MAP and Map Section)

      Lane cake n • Sth, esp AL, GA

      marionette n • esp LA, AL

      mellow bug n • esp GA, AL

      mourning dove n 2 • chiefly AL, FL

      nigger killer n 1 • chiefly S Atl, AL

      pullet bone n • esp AL, GA

      river shrimp n • LA, MS, AL

      rusty lizard n • AL, AR, GA, LA, TX

      sleeper n 3 • esp AL

      slop worm n • esp GA, AL

      speck-back (tick) n • AL, AR, LA, TX

      swale n 2 • FL, AL

      tickbird n 1 • chiefly AL, GA

      twistification n • sAppalachians, GA, AL

      velvet-tail n 1 • esp Cent; also AL

      weather house n • SC, GA, AL

      white meat n • chiefly Sth, esp AL

      wildcat adj • chiefly S Midl, AL, OK (MAP)

      Yankee dime n • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp AL (MAP)

Alaska            

      ahkio n • AK

      Arctic trout n • AK

      arctic wine n • AK

      arm pull n • AK

      babiche n • Nth, esp AK

      banana belt n • NW, esp AK

      banya n • AK

      barabara n • AK

      bidar n • AK

      bingle n • chiefly AK

      bird bill n 1 • chiefly NW and AK

      break-up n 1 • AK

      burn n² • AK

      bush n¹ B1b • Nth, esp AK

      cache n • AK

      catch v B11 • AK

      cheechako n • AK, Pacific NW

      chy n • AK

      dog box n • AK

      dog derby n • AK

      dog driver n 1 • AK

      dog driving n • AK

      dog moccasin n • AK

      dog musher n • AK

      dog mushing n • AK

      dog pot n • AK

      dog punch v phr • esp AK

      dog salmon n • NW, AK

      Dolly Varden n 1 • chiefly NW, AK

      down below adv phr 1b • AK

      dry fish n • AK

      ear weight contest n • AK

      Eskimo ice cream n • AK

      Eskimo potato n • AK

      Eskimo yo-yo n • AK

      fish burner n • AK

      fish camp n 1 • chiefly AK

      fish pirate n • AK

      fish wheel n • Pacific NW, AK

      float house n • NW, AK

      freeze-up n • chiefly AK

      grass widow n 3 • chiefly AK, Pacific NW

      ground cedar n 2 • chiefly NEast, Pacific NW, AK

      hiyu adj • esp AK, NW

      hoochinoo n • chiefly AK

      hooligan n • AK

      ice bridge n • AK

      ice worm n • AK

      icta n • Pacific NW, AK

      Indian celery n • AK

      Indian rhubarb n 2 • AK

      Indian rice n 3 • Pacific NW, AK

      inside adv 2 • AK

      inside n • AK

      Irish lord n • esp AK

      iron chink n • AK, WA

      iron dog n 2 • AK

      Kamchatka lily n • AK

      kamleika n • AK

      kelpfish n a • AK

      king crab n 2 • chiefly AK

      king salmon n • Pacific, AK

      klootchman n • chiefly Pacific NW, AK

      kneel jump n • AK

      kokanee (salmon) n • West, esp AK, NW, Rocky Mts

      lace flower n 2 • Pacific NW, AK

      lagoonberry n • AK

      land otter n • esp AK, Pacific NW

      lay n¹ 2b • AK

      layman n • AK

      line cabin n • AK

      lingonberry n • chiefly AK

      little redfish n • NW, AK

      lowbush cranberry n • chiefly AK

      lower adj 2 • chiefly AK

      lush n • chiefly AK

      mackerel n 2 • AK

      makoola n • AK

      marsh felwort n • chiefly AK

      mashu n • AK

      moroshka n • AK

      mossberry n 2 • AK

      moss heather n • chiefly AK

      mountain hare n • West, AK

      mountain heath n 1 • chiefly West, AK

      mountain heather n 2 • chiefly West, AK

      mountain heather n 3 • AK

      mountain juniper n • chiefly West, AK

      mountain marigold n 1 • AK

      mouse nut n • AK

      muck-a-muck n 1 • chiefly NW, AK

      mud shark n • nwAK

      mug-up n • scattered, but esp N Atl, Upper Missip Valley, AK

      mukluk n 1 • chiefly AK

      mukluk telegraph n • chiefly AK

      muktuk n • AK

      mush n³ • AK

      mush v² • chiefly AK

      musher n • chiefly AK

      muskeg n • chiefly AK, MN

      nagoonberry n • AK

      neck v 2 • AK

      needlefish n 3 • AK

      needlefish n 4 • AK

      niggerhead n 2 • scattered, but esp AK

      nushnik n • AK

      oogruk n • AK

      out adv B1 • West, esp AK

      outside adv • esp AK

      outside n 1 • AK

      panguingue n • AK, NW, CA

      parka n (pronc) • chiefly AK |ˈpɑrki|

      parka squirrel n • AK

      petrushki n • swAK

      pickerel n 2a • chiefly Gt Lakes, AK

      pink daisy n • AK

      pink salmon n • chiefly AK

      pirok n • AK

      pogy n 6 • AK

      poke n¹ 1b(2) • N Atl, AK

      pollack n¹ 2 • esp AK

      poque n • AK

      potlatch n • chiefly Pacific NW, AK

      potlatch v • Pacific NW, AK

      puchki n • AK

      pulka n • AK

      pup n • AK

      pupmobile n • AK

      redberry n k • wAK

      redfish n b • chiefly AK, ME

      red salmon n • chiefly AK

      red snapper n 2 • AK, Pacific

      rock ptarmigan n • chiefly AK

      salmonberry n c • chiefly AK

      salmon trout n 1d • West, esp AK

      sarana n • AK

      sheefish n • AK

      Siwash n 1 • chiefly NW, AK

      siwash v 1 • AK

      Siwash camp n • AK

      Siwash dog n • AK

      Siwash harness n • AK

      skijoring n • Nth, esp AK, NEast

      skookum adj • chiefly NW, AK

      skookum chuck n • chiefly NW, AK

      skookum house n • chiefly NW, AK

      smaller states n pl • AK

      snipe v 2 • chiefly AK, CA

      sno-go n, v • chiefly AK

      snowmachine n, v • formerly widespread, now esp AK

      soapberry n 2 • chiefly AK

      sockeye salmon n • esp AK

      sourdough n 2 • chiefly NW, AK

      spruce chicken n • AK

      spruce hen n • esp MI, AK (MAP)

      squaw candyn • chiefly AK

      squaw man n • esp NW, AK

      States, the n • AK

      strip fishing n • esp AK

      swamp blueberry n b • AK, West

      taku n • seAK

      tank-stove n • AK

      tanner crab n • AK

      termination dust n • AK

      tundra rose n • AK

      tyee salmon n • esp WA, AK

      ulu n² • AK

      wanigan n 1 • chiefly ME, Gt Lakes; also AK

      wanigan n 6 • chiefly AK

      wanigan n 7 • AK

      washateria n 2 • AK

      white sock(s) n • AK

      wild celery n 1a • AK

      wild hyacinth n 3 • NEng, AK

      wild potato n 2c • AK      

      wild redtop n 3 • chiefly AK

      wild snapdragon n 2 • esp AK

      williwaw n • chiefly AK

      willow grouse n 1 • chiefly AK

      wineberry n 2 • AK

      wolf scarer n • AK

Algonquian

      ackempucky n • [Prob Algonquian..]

      atamasco (lily) n • [Amer Ind attamusco prob related to Algonquian misk red..]

      babiche n • [CanFr, from Algonquian apapish cord, thread..]

      bogan n • [Prob Algonquian]

      chinquapin n • [Of Algonquian origin..]

      chogset n • [Of Algonquian origin]

      coakum n • [Perh from an Algonquian word for “red”..]

      cushaw n • [Prob Algonquian]

      eatup n • [Algonquian netop close friend..]

      hominy n • [Prob from or rel to Algonquian minneash fruit, berry]

      killhag n • [Of Algonquian orig..]

      kinnikinnick n • [Algonquian..]

      kiskitomas n • [Of Algonquian origin..]

      kyack n¹ • [Prob Algonquian..]

      maninose n • [Of Algonquian origin..]

      mechameck n • [Prob of Algonquian origin..]

      methy n • [Of Algonquian origin..]

      moosemise n • [Of Algonquian origin]

      moxie n • [Perh < Algonquian base maski- (or var) “medicine”..]

      mummichog n • [Of Algonquian orig..]

      muskeg n • [CanEngl < Algonquian (Ojibway mashkig, Cree mashkek)]

      muskellunge n • [Algonquian..]

      musquash n • [Algonquian]

      namaycush n • [Algonquian..]

      nitchie n • [Algonquian..]

      pauhagen n • [Of Algonquian origin]

      pecan n • [Algonquian]

      pegging awl n • [..perh, if..of Algonquian origin, a folk-etym]

      pegmonk n • [..-monk of Algonquian origin (cf Ojibwa..)..]

      pekan n • [Algonquian..]

      persimmon n • [Of Algonquian origin]

      pishaug n • [Of Algonquian origin..]

      pocan n • [Algonquian]

      pocosin n • [Algonquian]

      Podunk n • [..appar from an Algonquian place name..]

      poke n³ 1 • [Algonquian; cf pocan, puccoon] (MAP)

      pokelogan n • [Algonquian]

      poke of moonshine n • [..a folk-etym from an unidentified Algonquian word..]

      pone n • [Algonquian]

      pooquaw n • [From the same Algonquian source as quahog; see quot 1910]

      powwow n • [Of Algonquian origin..]

      puccoon n • [Algonquian; see quot 1910 at 1 below]

      pung n • [Abbr for earlier tom pung, of Algonquian origin..] (MAP)

      quahog n • [Algonquian..]

      samp n • [Of Algonquian origin; cf Narraganset nasaump “softened by water”]

      sannup n • [Algonquian; Narraganset sannop, Abnaki senanbe a married male member of the community]

      saskatoon n • [Of Algonquian orig;..DCan 1810 ➝]

      seapoose n • [Partial folk-etym of an Algonquian word; cf Delaware sepus..]

      supawn n • [Amer Du sapaen boiled corn meal < Algonquian; cf Natick saupaun softened by water]

      terrapin n, v • [Algonquian]

      torshent n • [Of Algonquian orig..]

      torup n • [Prob of Algonquian orig]

      tumpline n • [Of Algonquian orig..]

      wamp n¹ • [Prob of Algonquian orig (cf Narragansett wompi white)..]

      wampee n • [..eastern Algonquian langs of NEng and Quebec.)]

      wanigan n • [Prob of Algonquian orig..but the precise source has not been determined.]

      wapato n • [..perh of Algonquian orig]

      wickup n¹ • [From an Algonquian lang..]

Allegheny Mountains

      fallfish n • chiefly east of Allegheny Mts

      lick n 8 • chiefly Allegheny Mts

American Dutch See Dutch, American

American French See French, American

American Indian; Indian

      alewife n • [..once thought to be derived from an AmInd term..]

      appola n • [..occas considered an Indian loan, is prob infl by Span a palo on a stick]

      arivipa n • [Prob Arivaipa the San Carlos Indian people]

      atamasco (lily) n • [Amer Ind attamusco prob related to Algonquian misk red..]

      awendaw n • [Prob AmInd..]

      cui-ui n • [AmInd]

      dowitch n • [AmInd..]

      gopher n¹ 1a • [Perh abbr for magofer, poss of AmInd origin] (MAP)

      magofer n • [..perh of Afr or AmInd origin..]

      maque chou(x) n • [LaFr; perh of AmInd origin]

      moccasin n 1 • [Appar from moccasin shoe, of AmInd origin..]

      ree corn n • [Ree var of Arikara an Amer Ind tribe noted for growing this variety of corn]

      scobolotch n • [Appar AmInd]

      sieva bean n • [Sewee an Amer Ind tribe that formerly lived along the Santee River in South Carolina]

      spoonhunt n • [Prob folk-etym for some AmInd term]

      wahoo n¹ • [Prob adaptation of one or more AmInd names..]

      wampee n • [Prob of AmInd orig,...]

      wankapin n • [..a borrowing from an AmInd language of eastern Virginia..]

      wickiup n • [In var AmInd langs, e.g., Sac, Fox, and Kickapoo, wikiyap..]

American Portuguese See Portuguese, American

American Spanish See Spanish, American

Amish

      Amish preaching soup n • PA, OH, and other Amish settlement areas

      gay adj 1 • Among Quakers, Amish, and other religious groups

      mite v • among Amish

Anglo-Irish See Ireland; Irish

aphetic

      acquaintun ppl adj • Also aphet quaintun

      allot v • now usu aphet: see lot v

      allow v • often aphet ’low

      along adv • Also aphet ’long

      along of prep • Also aphet ’long of

      aluminum n (pronc) • freq aphet |ˈlumənəm|

      amongst (hands of) them pron • Also aphet ’mongst ~

      another adj • aphet nother, nothuh, nuder, nuther

      appaloosa n¹ • also..aphet

      appearently adv • aphet ’pearently

      appoint v • Also aphet ’pint

      arichtocrat n • also aphet richtocrat

      asafetida n (pronc) • aphet |ˈfɪdɪti|

      asparagus n • [..aphet forms were the earliest in English..]

      athwartships (of) adv • Also aphet ’thwartships

      avast v • often aphet vast

      banana n (pronc) • aphet |ˈnænɚ, ˈnænə|

      bang n¹ • [Aphet form of shebang]

      because conj • aphet forms

      before-day n • aphet forms fo’-day, fore-day (MAP)

      bide v • [Aphet form of abide]

      blige n • [Aphet form of oblige]

      boggin n • [Aphet form of toboggan..]

      brella n • [Aphet forms of umbrella]

      bundance n • [Aphet abundance]

      butt v¹ • [Aphet]

      butting-line n • [Aphet form of abutting + line boundary]

      Cajun n¹ • [Alter of ’Cadian, aphet form of Acadian..]

      catty-cross adv • [Alter of cater- + aphet form of across]

      cease v² • [Aphet form of decease]

      'ceitful adj • [Aphet form of deceitful]

      ’cep(t) v • [Aphet form of accept, except]

      chief n² • [Aphet form of kerchief]

      climated adj • [Aphet for acclimated]

      coon n¹ • [Aphet form of raccoon]

      crost adv, prep • [Aphet form of across + excr t]

      crute up v phr • [..perh aphet form of recruit]

      curious ointment n • [Folk-etym for aphet form of mercurous]

      cute adj • [Aphet form of acute]

      dobe n • [Aphet forms of adobe]

      dress v 6 • [..Perh simply aphet form of address rather than a relic]

      elastic (band) n • Aphet forms lastic and, by metath, laskit

      enduring adj • Also aphet durin’

      enough adj, adv, n (pronc) • freq aphet |nʌf|

      excusing prep • freq aphet scusin, skusin

      expect v (pronc) • aphet |spɛk(t)| (MAP)

      faunce v • [Prob < vaunce, obs aphet var of advance v]

      fay n • [Aphet form of ofay]

      fen exclam • [Aphet varr of defend forbid, or of defense]

      fend v • [Aphet forms of defend]

      fess v¹ • [Aphet forms of confess]

      fess v² • [Aphet form of profess]

      fore prep • [OE fore; now often felt as aphet form of before]

      fraid adj • [Aphet form of afraid]

      fused ppl adj • [Aphet var of confused]

      gage v • [Aphet form of engage]

      gal ’bacco n • [gal girl + aphet form of tobacco]

      ganser n • [Aphet form of merganser]

      gin conj² • [Scots, nEngl dial; aphet forms of again..]

      gin prep • [Scots dial; aphet form of again]

      ginner n¹ • [Aphet form of beginner..]

      havance n² • [Aphetic form of behave..]

      have v³ • [Aphet form of behave]

      ’havishness n • [Aphet forms of behavishness]

      head of prep • [Aphet form of ahead of]

      hind prep • [Aphet varr of behind]

      hystericky adj • aphet form ’stericky

      identical adj • Also aphet ’denticul, dentikul

      in under prep phr • Also aphet nunder

      jellico weed n • [Aphet forms of angelica]

      jester n • [Prob aphet for digester..]

      laxed ppl adj • [..perh erron for prolapsed or aphet form of relaxed]

      ’ligion n • [Aphet forms of religion..]

      macadamize v • aphet forms acadami(z)ed, cadamized

      macadamy n • Also aphet cadamy

      miration n • [Aphet form of admiration]

      molasses n (pronc) • freq aphet |ˈlæsɪz, -ɪs|

      mosquito n¹ (pronc) • aphet |ˈskitɚ| 

      muda grass n • [Aphet forms of Bermuda grass]

      musquash n • Also aphet squash

      no-count adj • [Aphet..] (MAP)

      noculate v • [Aphet form of inoculate..]

      oblige v • aphet bleedged, blee(d)st, bleedzed, bleege(d), bleeze, blidge(d), blige

      oblige v (pronc) • aphet |bli|

      occasion n, v • Also aphet form ’casion

      otie n • [Aphet form of coyote n pronc |̩kaɪˈ(j)oti|]

      partment n • [Aphet form of apartment..]

      pear v • [ME.. aphet form of aperen to appear..]

      perhaps adv • aphet ’haps

      persimmon n • Also aphet ’simmern, ’simmon

      Piscopal(ian) adj,n • [Aphet forms of Episcopal(ian)]

      preserve n • aphet sarve

      Rastus n¹ • [Aphet form of Erastus]

      re- pref • [Prob..a conscious attempt to “correct” a habitual aphet form]

      relievo n • aphet lievo

      remembrance n • Also aphet ’memb(r)ance, ’membunce

      return thanks v phr • Also aphet ’turn thanks

      ruction n • [..perh altered aphet form of insurrection]

      sage orange n • [Aphet form of Osage orange]

      sang n • [Aphet forms of ginseng..]

      scorch v² • [Perh folk-etym from aphet ’scort..]

      scovy n • [Aphet forms of muscovy]

      seeny n¹ • [Aphet form of cassena]

      sequia n • [Aphet forms of acequia]

      sides adv, prep • [Aphet form of besides..]

      'sociate v • [Aphet form of associate]

      souvian n • [Aphet for varsouviana var of varsoviana..]

      sparagus n • [Aphet forms of asparagus..]

      splanify v • [Aphet var of explanify]

      'spute v • [Aphet form of dispute..]

      squeeze v • Rarely aphet queeze

      stemper n • [Aphet forms of distemper]

      stroy v, ppl adj • [Aphet forms of destroy(ed)]

      struction n • [Aphet forms of construction, destruction]

      stuboy exclam, v • [Prob aphet forms of hist-a-boy..]

      tautog n • aphet tog

      tobacco n A1 (pronc) • aphet |ˈbækə(r), ˈbæko|

      tobacco n A2 (pronc) • aphet |ˈbæki|

      toboggan n 1 • aphet boggan, boggin

      tomato n A4 (pronc) • |ˈmeto, ˈmetə(r)| and other aphet varr

      tucket corn n • [Appar aphet form of Nantucket, Massachusetts]

      ticular n, adj • [Aphet forms of particular]

      umbrella n A4 • [Aphet forms]

      venture n B • [Aphet]

apocope

      fertilize n • [By apocope] (MAP)

      fur n² • [Engl dial; by apoc from furrow]

      Port n • [By apocope from Portuguese]

      purify n • [By apocope from purifier]

Appalachians

      Adam’s off-ox n 1 • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

      against conj C1 • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      alleluia n • chiefly sAppalachians

      all is adv phr • chiefly NEng, Appalachians

      all’s out('s) (come) in free exclam • chiefly west of Appalachian Mts (MAP)

      always-ago adv • sAppalachians

      always-ago n • sAppalachians

      Antony-over n, exclam • chiefly sAppalachians (MAP)

      antymire n • chiefly N Atl, C Atl, sAppalachians

      asarabacca n • now prob relic in Appalachians or obs

      awful adj 2 • sAppalachians

      baby buggy n • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

      backset n 1b • esp Appalachians

      backstick n • chiefly sAppalachians, Gulf States (MAP)

      bad adj B4 • chiefly Appalachians, esp wNC, eTN

      bad disease n • chiefly sAppalachians

      baking powders n • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      bald n • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians, Ozarks

      bardy grease n • sAppalachians

      bat v³ • sAppalachians

      bayou n B3 • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

      be v A2 (pronc) • esp sAppalachians

      beal v • chiefly Appalachians

      bealed ppl adj • chiefly Appalachians, esp wPA (MAP)

      bealing n • formerly more widespread, now chiefly Appalachians (MAP)

      bean stringing n • chiefly sAppalachians, esp eKY

      beer n • chiefly sAppalachians

      blowing viper n • chiefly Appalachians (MAP)

      boomer n¹ 1 • chiefly sAppalachians, esp eTN, wNC

      boss-man n 1 • chiefly Sth, sAppalachians (MAP)

      briggity adj • chiefly sAppalachians

      brogue v • chiefly sAppalachians

      bubbybush n • sAppalachians

      buck n¹ 2g • scattered west of Appalachians (MAP)

      buck n¹ 3c • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

      buckwheat cake n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Appalachians (MAP)

      budget n 1 • chiefly Appalachians

      bunty n • chiefly Appalachians

      bussy n • chiefly sAppalachians

      butt n² • esp sAppalachians

      buttercup n 4 • esp sAppalachians

      caramel n (pronc) • in Midl, esp west of Appalachians

      chance n (pronc) • esp sAppalachians

      change v¹ • chiefly Sth, sAppalachians (MAP)

      check n² • Appalachians

      child-fetching vbl n • sAppalachians

      club fist n • esp Appalachians

      cold nose n • sAppalachians

      contrarious adj • chiefly sAppalachians

      coon root n • chiefly sAppalachians

      cooter v 1 • chiefly sAppalachians

      cottonwood n 1 • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

      county site n • chiefly sAppalachians

      court v • chiefly sAppalachians

      crawdad n 1 • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

      cress n • chiefly Appalachians, esp wVA

      cuckold v • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      cuckold v (pronc) • chiefly sAppalachians

      dew poison n • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians 

      dib n² • sAppalachians

      diddle n² • chiefly sAppalachians

      discomfit v • chiefly sAppalachians

      disregardless adj, adv • chiefly sAppalachians

      ditch line n • chiefly sAppalachians

      divinity n • esp west of Appalachians (MAP)

      doctor medicine n • sAppalachians

      dog hobble n 1 • chiefly sAppalachians

      doney n² • chiefly sAppalachians

      double v 4a • sAppalachians

      double and twist v phr 1 • sAppalachians

      dough beater n • sAppalachians

      down-go n 1 • sAppalachians

      draft n¹ B1 • chiefly Appalachians

      draft n¹ B2 • chiefly Appalachians

      dram v¹ • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      drindle v • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      drop off v phr 1 • esp sAppalachians

      dulcimer n • formerly Appalachians, now widely recognized

      Dutch lunch n • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

      easing powder n • sAppalachians

      eating table n • chiefly sAppalachians

      edzact v • sAppalachians, Ozarks

      endurable adj • esp sAppalachians

      -es suff¹ 1a • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      -es suff¹ 3a • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      ethyl n • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP and Map Section)

      everly adv • sAppalachians, Ozarks

      everwhat pron • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      everwhen conj, adv • sAppalachians, Ozarks

      everwhere conj, adv¹ • esp sAppalachians

      everwhich adj, pron • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      everwho pron • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      fad die exclam • sAppalachians

      fall grape n • chiefly sAppalachians

      farewell-summer n 1 • chiefly cAppalachians

      feist v • sAppalachians

      filth n • sAppalachians, esp WV

      fire boss n • Appalachians, West

      firedog n • scattered, but esp freq sAppalachians, S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)

      flake n² • sAppalachians

      flannel cake n • chiefly Appalachians (MAP and Map Section)

      flicker n⁴ • sAppalachians

      flux n • chiefly sAppalachians, Lower Missip Valley (MAP)

      foot n C3 • chiefly sAppalachians

      foreign adj (pronc) • esp sAppalachians

      four-o’clock n 5 • sAppalachians

      freeseed n • esp Appalachians (MAP)

      galak v • Appalachians

      gant-lot n • chiefly Appalachians

      gap n¹ 1 • widespread, but esp Appalachians (MAP)

      gaum v¹ 1 • formerly widespread, now chiefly Appalachians (MAP)

      gaumy adj¹ 1 • scattered, but esp Appalachians (MAP)

      gee-haw whimm(e)y-diddle n • sAppalachians, esp wNC

      generation n • chiefly Appalachians

      gin conj¹ • chiefly Appalachians

      give-out n • esp sAppalachians

      go out to themselves v phr • Appalachians

      gorge n¹ • scattered, but chiefly NEast, Appalachians, Gt Lakes, SW (MAP)

      grave rock n • chiefly Appalachians

      green v 2 • sAppalachians

      green onion n 1 • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP and Map Section)

      grist n • esp Appalachians

      groundhog n 6 • sAppalachians

      groundhog n 7 • sAppalachians

      guitar n (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp Appalachians

      gum n² 3b • chiefly Appalachians (MAP)

      gum n² 3c • esp sAppalachians, Ozarks

      gum n² 3d • esp Appalachians

      gunny sack n • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP and Map Section)

      hain’t v • chiefly NEast, Sth, S Midl, esp Appalachians

      half-runner bean n • chiefly sAppalachians (MAP)

      hand going adv phr • sAppalachians

      handily adv • sAppalachians

      hantle n • chiefly sAppalachians

      happy pappy n • Appalachians

      hardness n • chiefly Appalachians

      hate n • chiefly Appalachians, Ohio Valley

      hateful n • Ozarks, sAppalachians

      heap n 2 • esp nAppalachians, CT (MAP)

      hear v A2c • Sth, S Midl, esp Appalachians

      hearth rock n • chiefly Appalachians

      hearts-a-bustin’-with-love n • chiefly sAppalachians

      hell n 1 • esp sAppalachians

      hell’s banjer intj • sAppalachians

      hillside plow n • chiefly Appalachians, sOH (MAP)

      hog rifle n 1 • sAppalachians

      hole v¹ 1 • esp sAppalachians

      hollow n¹, adj (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp sAppalachians, Ozarks

      hollow n¹ B1a • esp sAppalachians, Ozarks

      hollow n¹ B4 • sAppalachians

      horn n 8b • sAppalachians

      horsethrowed past ppl, ppl adj • sAppalachians, Ozarks

      house n B1a • sAppalachians, esp KY, TN

      house pattern n • sAppalachians

      hovel n 1a • esp NEng, sAppalachians

      how conj • sAppalachians

      hudder n • esp Appalachians (MAP)

      hull-gull n • S Midl, esp sAppalachians, Ozarks

      hurricane n A2b • chiefly Appalachians, Mid and S Atl

      husband-high adj • esp Appalachians, Ozarks

      hush v B1 • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp Appalachians

      in reason adv phr • sAppalachians

      ivy n 4 • chiefly Appalachians, sNEng

      jag n² 1c • chiefly Midl, esp sAppalachians

      jape v • esp sAppalachians

      jay v² • Appalachians

      jay grab n • Appalachians

      jay hole n • Appalachians

      judgmatically adv • sAppalachians

      kick v B1 • chiefly sAppalachians, S Atl (MAP)

      kick v B2 • scattered, but chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

      kindly adv • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      knob n 1 • widespread, but more freq N Cent, Appalachians (MAP)

      knowing n 1 • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      ladle n • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

      lamp oil n 1 • scattered, but esp Appalachians (MAP)

      lap v² • esp sAppalachians, TX

      lashhorn n • Appalachians

      lasty adj • chiefly Appalachians, S Midl

      laurel n 2 • chiefly Atlantic, Appalachians

      laurel n 3 • chiefly sAppalachians, esp NC

      lead n 3 • sAppalachians

      least adj • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      leather breeches n pl 1 • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      lettuce saxifrage n • chiefly Appalachians

      lie out v phr 2 • Sth, S Midl, esp sAppalachians, GA, SC (MAP)

      light v² 2 • scattered, but esp S Atl, sAppalachians (MAP)

      linguister n • chiefly sAppalachians

      list n 2 • chiefly sAppalachians

      liver-grown adj • chiefly sAppalachians, PA

      loafer v • chiefly sAppalachians (MAP)

      main adv • chiefly sAppalachians

      man-power v • esp sAppalachians

      mason wasp n • chiefly Mid Atl, sAppalachians (MAP)

      master adv • chiefly ME, sAppalachians

      mattock n • widespread, but more freq Appalachians (MAP)

      meadow n (pronc) • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks, occas NEng

      Melungeon n • sAppalachians, esp eTN

      milk gap n • chiefly sAppalachians

      molasses making n • sAppalachians

      moldwarp n • esp sAppalachians

      mort n • chiefly sAppalachians

      mortal adv • esp sAppalachians, NEng

      mother, may I n • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

      mountain balsam n 2 • sAppalachians

      mountain boomer n 5 • chiefly sAppalachians

      mountaineer n • scattered, but chiefly Appalachians (MAP)

      mountain ivy n • chiefly sAppalachians, esp VA

      mountain lettuce n • chiefly Appalachians

      mow hole n • esp Appalachians, PA, NJ (MAP)

      mowing blade n • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians (MAP)

      much adj 2 • chiefly sAppalachians

      name v • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      nigger baby n 3 • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

      nigger pine n 1 • chiefly C and Mid Atl, sAppalachians

      October bean n • chiefly sAppalachians, IN (MAP)

      of prep Bb • esp Appalachians, Lower Missip Valley, SW (MAP)

      offside horse n • scattered, but esp nAppalachians (MAP)

      old woman is picking her geese, the phr • esp Appalachians

      one more adj phr • sAppalachians

      open peach n • chiefly sAppalachians, Mid Atl (MAP)

      oxeye daisy n 2 • chiefly NEast, N Cent, sAppalachians

      pack v 1 • chiefly West, Missip Valley, sAppalachians (MAP)

      pack v 2c • sAppalachians

      packsaddle worm n • esp sAppalachians (MAP)

      panther n A1 (pronc) • scattered, but more freq Appalachians, Inland Sth (MAP)

      pea hulling n • sAppalachians

      penitentiary v • sAppalachians

      pharaoh n • chiefly sAppalachians

      pheasant n 1a • chiefly Midl, esp PA, sAppalachians

      pig n¹ B15 • esp sAppalachians

      Plott hound n • sAppalachians

      point-blank adv, adj A3 (pronc) • chiefly sAppalachians, esp eKY

      point-blank adv B • S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      point-blank adv,adj A2 (pronc) • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      point-blank adv,adj A4 • chiefly sAppalachians, esp eKY

      poke n¹ 1a • chiefly Midl, esp Appalachians (MAP)

      poking stick n • sAppalachians

      pone n 3a • chiefly sAppalachians

      popskull n • chiefly sAppalachians

      pot-tail n • sAppalachians

      pounding mill n b • chiefly sAppalachians

      powder n B • chiefly NEast, N Cent, Appalachians (MAP)

      pretty n C1a • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      pretty girls’ station n • esp sAppalachians

      proffer v • esp sAppalachians

      proof vial n • esp sAppalachians

      public work n • chiefly sAppalachians

      quack grass n 1 • chiefly Inland Nth, N Midl, Appalachians (MAP)

      quillwort n 2 • esp Appalachians

      rainbird n 1c • chiefly Midl, esp Appalachians (MAP)

      rawhide v 6 • sAppalachians

      redd v 3c • esp Appalachians

      red-neck n 5 • Appalachians

      ribey adj • sAppalachians, esp WV

      ridy-horse n 1 • chiefly sAppalachians

      ridy-horse n 2 • chiefly Sth, sAppalachians

      ridy-horse n 3 • esp Sth, sAppalachians

      rifle v, n² • sAppalachians

      rifle gun n • now chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      rimption n • chiefly Appalachians

      ripshin n • Appalachians

      rock cliff n • chiefly sAppalachians

      rock house n 1 • Appalachians, Ozarks

      rooster n 1 • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      roughness n 1 • Sth, S Midl, esp Appalachians

      ruling day n • sAppalachians

      run v B7 • sAppalachians

      running go n • sAppalachians

      salad pea n • chiefly sAppalachians

      sang v¹ • esp sAppalachians

      sang hoe n • esp sAppalachians

      sang-sign n • sAppalachians

      sanko v • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      saucer v C • esp sAppalachians

      sawmill gravy n • chiefly sAppalachians

      scandalous adv B • esp sAppalachians

      scenery n B1 • esp sAppalachians

      *schottische n • widespread exc Appalachians, Mid and S Atl (MAP)

      scout v • sAppalachians

      scribe n • esp Appalachians, Ozarks

      serenade n • chiefly Appalachians, Atlantic exc sNEng (MAP)

      set-along adj • chiefly Appalachians

      setback n 2 • chiefly SE, Mid Atl, Appalachians, CT (MAP)

      several adj, n, pron C • esp Appalachians, Ozarks

      severe adj • chiefly sAppalachians

      shagbark hickory n • chiefly NEng, N Cent, sAppalachians (MAP)

      shammock v • chiefly sAppalachians

      sheep mint n • esp sAppalachians

      short dog n • esp sAppalachians

      shuck bean n • chiefly sAppalachians

      shut-in n • sAppalachians, Ozarks

      si-godlin adj, adv • esp Appalachians

      si-gogglin adj, adv • esp sAppalachians

      singlings n • chiefly sAppalachians

      sixty n • esp sAppalachians

      skull orchard n • chiefly Appalachians, SE (MAP)

      sled ride v phr • esp wPA, eIN, sAppalachians (MAP)

      sleight n • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      slow John n • sAppalachians

      smolick v • Appalachians

      snake n 1b • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp sAppalachians (MAP)

      snub v² • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      snurl n • S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      Snyder's pup n • sAppalachians

      sods n pl • Appalachians

      soft peach n • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      song-ballad n • sAppalachians, Ozarks (MAP)

      sonker n • esp sAppalachians

      sourwood n 1 • chiefly sAppalachians

      spend v B2 • sAppalachians, Ozarks

      spicewood n 1 • now chiefly Appalachians (MAP)

      spignet n • scattered, but esp sAppalachians

      splunge v, n • Sth, S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      sprig n 2 • esp sAppalachians

      springhouse n • formerly widespread, now chiefly Midl, Sth, esp Appalachians (MAP)

      spud v 1 • chiefly sAppalachians

      stack cake n • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      staggerweed n 1 • chiefly sAppalachians, esp wVA

      star root n 1 • esp sAppalachians

      start v 3 • chiefly sAppalachians

      stay-place n • chiefly sAppalachians

      steady bee n • esp sAppalachians

      stick bait n • sAppalachians

      stickweed n • esp sAppalachians

      still beer n • chiefly sAppalachians

      stinking willie n 2 • esp sAppalachians

      stir-off n • chiefly sAppalachians, esp eKY

      stog v • sAppalachians

      stool n 1 • sAppalachians

      store v • esp C Atl, sAppalachians

      stout adj 3 • west of Appalachians (MAP)

      streaked meat n • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp sAppalachians (MAP)

      stretch n, v (pronc) • esp sAppalachians |stritʃ|

      striped snake n 2 • esp sAppalachians

      strong v C1 • sAppalachians

      stub up v phr • sAppalachians

      study v¹ 3 • esp sAppalachians

      studyment n 1 • sAppalachians

      stump water n 1b • chiefly Inland Sth, sAppalachians (MAP)

      such pron B1 • sAppalachians

      sugan n 3 • chiefly sAppalachians

      sugar orchard n • chiefly nNEng, sAppalachians (MAP)

      sugar water n • chiefly sAppalachians, IN, OH, PA

      sugar whiskey n • chiefly sAppalachians

      sulter v • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      sun-ball n • chiefly sAppalachians, Ozarks

      surround v • chiefly sAppalachians

      swarp v • chiefly sAppalachians

      swarp n • sAppalachians

      swear v C1 • chiefly sAppalachians

      swingletree n • chiefly C and S Atl, Appalachians (MAP)

      swoo exclam • scattered, but esp PaGer area, sAppalachians

      sword n • chiefly sAppalachians swoard; also swode

      take v B5 • chiefly Appalachians, esp KY

      tale-idle n • esp sAppalachians

      Tally n • esp sAppalachians

      tangle-gut n 2 • esp sAppalachians

      tap hand n • chiefly sAppalachians

      ted v • chiefly NEast, N Cent, cAppalachians (MAP)

      tedder n • chiefly NEast, N Cent, cAppalachians (MAP)

      they-all pron • sAppalachians, Ozarks

      they-uns pron • esp sAppalachians

      through n 2 • sAppalachians

      throw the hatchet v phr • esp sAppalachians

      thump barrel n • chiefly sAppalachians

      thunder dog n • sAppalachians

      tide n • chiefly sAppalachians

      time n C3 • sAppalachians

      time about adv phr • chiefly S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      to prep B15 • Gulf States, sAppalachians

      tohind prep, adv • esp sAppalachians

      tooth jumper n • sAppalachians, Ozarks

      top n 1 • sAppalachians

      traffic v • esp sAppalachians

      tread v 2 • chiefly Ozarks, sAppalachians

      tub mill n • esp sAppalachians

      turkey mustard n • sAppalachians

      turkey-tail v • sAppalachians

      tush n A1 (pronc) • chiefly SE, sAppalachians (MAP)

      tutor v • esp sAppalachians, Ozarks

      twice out of sight adj phr • sAppalachians

      twistification n • sAppalachians, GA, AL

      twitchet n 1 • chiefly Mid Atl, sAppalachians

      unfitten adj • esp sAppalachians

      untelling ppl adj 1 • chiefly sAppalachians

      up in prep phr • chiefly sAppalachians

      upscuddle n • chiefly sAppalachians

      wait on the table v phr • sAppalachians

      weed n • now chiefly sAppalachians

      where pron B • sAppalachians

      whimmy-diddle n • chiefly sAppalachians

      whistle pig n 1 • chiefly Appalachians (MAP)

      white ash n 2 • esp sAppalachians

      white-eye v 1 • chiefly sAppalachians, esp eKY

      white-eyed adj 1 • chiefly sAppalachians

      wild-hog v phr • sAppalachians

      wingle v • esp sAppalachians

      wire n (pronc) • esp sAppalachians, Delmarva |wɔr|

      withouten prep, conj • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      woman n A2 (pronc) • esp sAppalachians, C Atl

      wood hick n • Appalachians

      wood pretty n • esp sAppalachians

      woolly head n 2 • esp sAppalachians

      work-brittle adj 2 • chiefly sAppalachians

      worm n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp sAppalachians

      worm fence n • scattered, but chiefly C Atl, Appalachians (MAP)

      yellow patch n • sAppalachians

      yon adj, pron, adv, n • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp sAppalachians

Arabic

      burgoo n • [Perh Arabic burghul cracked wheat]

      cush n¹ • [Of Afr orig, ult from Arabic..]

      wolf grape n • [Calque of Arabic name for a species of Solanum..]

Arawak

      cunner n² • [Perh by coalescence of canoe, ult from Arawak, with Gullah ˈ kunu, ult Afr..]

archaic; archaism (See also historic; obsolete; old-fashioned)

      abear v • old-fash or arch

      Abe Lincoln War n • arch or obs

      about adv C • arch

      abouten prep • arch

      abscond v tr • arch

      adays adv • arch

      admire v A • arch or old-fash

      adone intj • arch

      alcaldia n • arch or old-fash

      alchemy n • arch

      almud n • arch

      alow and aloft adv phr • arch

      a many quasi-n • arch

      ambush v • arch

      amint n • arch

      and conj B1 • arch or old-fash

      andiron n • Arch spp anderens, and irons

      anights adv • arch or obs

      antifogmatic(k) n • arch

      artetu n • obs or arch

      author n B • arch

      back-out n • old-fash or arch

      backside n 1 • arch

      ball off v phr • arch

      batoon n • [batoon, arch var of baton]

      be v B5c(1) • old-fash or arch

      be v C2c • old-fash or arch

      beardy man n • arch

      beaver n 2 • arch

      bed rug n • arch

      belated ppl adj • arch

      belike v • arch

      belly-shot adj • arch

      bibble v • arch

      bird’s-egging n • arch

      boon n² • Arch pronc for bone

      brief adj¹ • arch

      brief adj¹ 2 • arch

      broke of one's rest adj • arch

      brute beast n • arch

      burn v A2 • arch brent

      burning fluid n • arch

      caboose n¹ 1 • arch or obs

      cad n • arch or old-fash

      campoody n • arch

      cape merchant n • arch

      capsheaf n 2 • arch

      Carolina potato n • arch

      caulker n • arch

      center shot n 1 • arch

      cess n • arch

      chestnutty adj • arch

      chew one’s tobacco v phr 1 • arch

      child n B1 • arch

      chime n • arch

      chirk adj • arch

      chokecherry n • Arch spp chockcherry, choackcherry

      chokedog n • Arch sp choakdog

      chop n¹ 2 • arch

      Christmas box n • arch or obs

      Christyde n • arch or obs

      circumstance n B1 • arch or old-fash

      claggy adj • arch

      clash n • arch

      clevel n • arch or obs

      clever adj 2 • arch

      cleverly adv 1 • arch or obs

      clew n² • arch or old-fash

      climb v 2c • clomben (arch)

      cling v • arch or obs clang, clinged

      cluff v • arch

      coast, on the adv phr • arch

      cod n¹ 2 • arch

      come v B5 • [Survival of arch subjunc constr..]

      commissionate v • arch

      concern v • Pronc-spp concarn, consarn,..(reflecting archaic or old-fash varr)

      conch n 2 • arch

      confectionary n 1 • arch

      copsil n • arch

      cordwinder n • arch

      corking-pin n • arch

      corrupted ppl adj 1 • arch

      cost v B • arch

      count v B • arch

      crazy adj 1 • arch

      critter n B5 • arch

      cut-down n 1 • arch

      cutty pipe n • arch

      daggly adj • arch

      dare v A2 • [..archaic past durst..archaic 2nd sg darst..]

      desireful adj • arch

      dig v¹ B2 • arch

      digger n 1 • arch

      dip toast n • arch

      dirt n 1 • arch

      do v C1b • arch

      do v C3 • This archaic construction survives in mod stdE with the forms had,..

      dobber n¹ 1 • arch

      doctor stuff n • arch

      dormant window n • arch

      dosh n • arch

      double sleigh n • Arch spp double slay, ~ sley

      drink v B1 • arch

      drinky adj • arch

      driveway n 1 • arch

      driveway n 2 • arch

      dun v • arch

      dunfish n • arch

      east, about adj, adv phr • arch

      ebony n 1 • arch

      end on adv phr • arch

      errand n B • arch

      eyeable adj • arch

      fainty adj 3 • arch

      faith you exclam • arch

      familious adj • esp freq among Black speakers; arch

      fat n¹ 1 • arch

      feature n • arch

      fip n • arch

      firefang v • arch

      flea v • [Arch and Engl dial varr of flay]

      flower-de-luce n • arch

      fonda n • arch

      forthputting ppl adj • arch

      forthputting vbl n • arch

      frowy adj¹ 1 • arch

      full chisel adv phr • arch

      fuzzled ppl adj • arch

      gant adj • [Arch and dial Engl pronc-spp for gaunt..]

      gashly adj • arch

      gleed n • arch

      graip n • arch

      grandma’s darning needle n • arch

      great n B1 • arch

      gunter n • arch

      gurgle v 2 • arch

      gush n B1 • arch

      hang up v phr 2 • arch

      hardpan n 2 • arch

      hardtack n 2 • arch

      hard times n 1 • arch

      he pron 6 • arch

      help v A2c • arch

      hen-hussy n 1 • arch

      here adv B1 • arch

      hereaway adv • arch

      hike v 5 • arch

      hinder adj • arch

      hinny n • arch

      hoddy-doddy n • arch

      hog age n • prob arch

      hold v A2b • arch

      hold v A3b • arch holden

      home n, exclam, v, adv • arch sp hom

      Hoosier cake n • arch

      Hope n • arch

      hosen n pl • arch

      housell adj • arch

      housen n¹ 2 • arch

      howsoever adv • arch

      humble adj, v • arch sp ombel

      hundred n, adj A4 (pronc) • arch sp hunard

      hunkersliding vbl n • arch

      husk n B4c • arch

      Indian wheat n 1 • arch

      into prep B2 • arch

      junk bottle n • arch

      kahili n • Arch spp kahile, kahiri

      kringle n • [Prob primarily < Dan kringle (also.. arch kringel)]

      ladies’ twist n • arch

      ladrone n • arch

      lawks intj • arch

      lax n • arch

      least conj • [Arch and Scots dial var of lest]

      longsome adj • [..perh infl by arch or Brit dial longsome long, tedious]

      look v B2 • arch

      mislist v • arch

      morning, in the adv phr • arch

      nation adj • arch

      nation adv • arch

      nature n B3 • arch

      nature n B4 • arch

      netop n • arch

      nigger n¹ • arch spp nager, ne(a)ger, neeger, negar, negur, niegor, niger

      nocake n • arch

      oldermost adj • arch or obs

      parsnip n • Arch sp parsnep

      politicianer n • arch

      pot n 5 • arch

      puccoon n • for arch spp see quots

      pumpknot n • [Etym uncert; cf arch pumple pimple and knot n¹ 2a]

      purse n¹ • arch |pʌs|

      rattleran(d) n • arch

      relievo n • [..Ult from arch, chiefly Scots dial relieve to release, rescue]

      rise v B2 • arch

      Sabbath-day n • arch

      shaw n • arch

      shitepoke n • [shite arch var of shit + poke bag;..]

      sing n • among Black speakers; arch

      slowful adj • some currency in 19th cent literary contexts..as a conscious archaism

      sog n • arch

      some adj • arch

      sorry adj • arch spp sorrow, surrow

      squail v • arch

      squander v • [Arch or dial in Brit Engl; cf ..EDD]

      squat v • arch

      stancheous adj • [Abbrs for arch Scots dial substantious]

      starve v 1 • arch

      swankey n 2 • arch

      tamale n¹ • Arch spp tamaule, tamolly, tomale (MAP)

      tarry v • arch

      tarve v • arch

      tarve n • arch

      teeter v • [Varr of arch and Brit dial titter to move unsteadily, totter..]

      teeter-totter n • [Varr of arch and Brit dial titter-totter..]

      topping adj • arch

      torshent n • arch

      town ho exclam • arch

      trampoose v • arch

      truck n¹ 3 • arch

      Washington eagle n • arch

      what time conj phr • [Cf arch what time at the time when, when(ever)]

      wizzen n • arch

      yellow robin n • arch

Arizona

      ajo n • AZ, CA

      angry acacia n • AZ, CA, NV

      center fire adj • West, chiefly WA to AZ

      checkered-bark juniper n • AZ, NM, TX

      covena n • AZ

      desert saltbush n • AZ

      gopher snake n 1 • chiefly West, esp CA, AZ (MAP)

      greasewood n 2f • esp AZ

      hassayampa n • AZ

      Hosteen n • NM, AZ

      niggerhead n 3a • esp AZ

      salmon n B2a(3) • esp AZ, UT

      sotol n • TX, NM, AZ

      Verde trout n • AZ

      yant n • SW, esp AZ

      zanja n • sCA, AZ

      zanjero n • sCA, AZ

Arkansas

      appaloosa n² • chiefly Gulf States, AR, OK

      Arkansawyer n • chiefly AR and adjacent states

      ault n • esp AR

      betsy bug n • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp AR, KY

      blackland n • chiefly TX, OK, AR, LA (MAP)

      black wax n • chiefly AR, sOK and esp nTX

      bois d’arc n • chiefly TX, LA, OK, AR, TN, KY (MAP)

      bread-dough biscuit n • chiefly Nth, AR, MS (MAP)

      care v B2 • chiefly FL, MS, AR, OK, NM (MAP)

      carpet, on the adj phr • Sth, S Midl, esp NC, TX, AR (MAP)

      Catahoula hog dog n • chiefly AR, LA, TX

      gallery n • chiefly Gulf States, AR, TX (MAP)

      Georgia stock n • chiefly Gulf States, AR, OK (MAP)

      graveyard working n • esp TX, AR

      hog jaw n • chiefly TN, KY, AR

      hold v C2a • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp Gulf States, AR (MAP)

      hoodlum wagon n 2 • esp TX, OK, AR

      jimplecute n 2 • esp AR, MS, MO, TX

      Methodist pallet n • esp AR, TX

      outer road n • MO, AR

      perch n¹ B3 • esp TX, LA, AR, OK

      rent house n • scattered, but esp TX, AR (MAP)

      rubboard n 2 • esp Gulf States, TX, AR

      rusty lizard n • AL, AR, GA, LA, TX

      scavenger n 1 • AR

      si-fog v • esp AR

      Siwash n 2 • esp NW, AR  

      sluice n • chiefly West, esp CA, AR

      speck-back (tick) n • AL, AR, LA, TX

      stick bean n • esp Inland Sth, AR (MAP)

      straddle board n 2 • chiefly AR, MO

      suggin n² • AR

      tear the bone out v phr • esp AR (MAP)

      yonder adv B2 • esp Gulf States, AR, GA

assimilated; assimilation

      all-fired adv • Also (by assim of final [d]) all-fire

      beef from bull’s foot, not to know v phr • [Prob alter of B from (a) bull’s foot, not to know by assim of f]

      burn v A2 • occas assim to burn

      child n A2 (pronc) • assim

      corfish n • [Prob assim of corft, corved ppl adj, preserved in salt, + fish..]

      cotted cheese n • [Assim of cottage cheese]

      cramberry n • [By assim from cranberry]

      dare v A3 • [..darse, das(s) have evid lost the final -t by assim to the following to.]

      dow stick n • [Prob assim from dowse stick]

      first form thing n • [Perh from first form ..(with assim of the m in form to n before th)]

      foal v A3 • rarely foal (prob by assim of final cons cluster)

      gank-gutted adj • [By assim from gant-gutted]

      glass n • [The change of gl > dl by assimilation is common in Engl..dial..]

      gunboat n 1 • also, by assim, gumboat

      help v A • Cf Pronc Intro 3.II.27 with ref to assimilation of /l/

      hundred n, adj A4 • [By metath and assim]

      hundred n, adj A5 • [By metath, assim and devoicing of final consonant]

      jerk v² • ppl adj jerked, by assim jerk, preserved in this way

      joe bacon n • [Prob assim form of jowl]

      lampblack n • Pronc-sp, by assim, lam black

      oblige v (pronc) • assim |(ə)ˈbli| (for obliged)

      pave road n • [..perh assim pronc of paved road]

      Porgy n² • [By syncope and assim from Portuguese..]

      raft n • [Prob after assim of final [t], the pl form was remodeled..]

      sassafras n • [..non-std forms show..assimilation to saxifrage.]

      shaft n 1 (pronc) • by assim, |šæf|

      sheep sour n • [..Sheep shower is prob by assim..]

      sook exclam (pronc) • in..sook cow,..usu assim to |ˈs^U̩ka^U..| (MAP)

      streaked and striked adj phr • [By assim from streaked and striped]

      that out adv phr • [Prob that pronc-sp for ’thout (at without) + doubt with assim of d..]

Atlantic (See also Central Atlantic; Middle Atlantic; North Atlantic; South Atlantic)

      afterwash n • Atl

      again prep, adv, conj (pronc) • freq in Atl States, less freq elsewhere

      amen pew n • chiefly Sth and Atl States

      American wire fence n • chiefly Atl States

      angel shark n • Atlantic coast

      back v 6 • Atlantic, esp coastal NEng

      back water v phr • chiefly Nth, Atlantic

      baitfish n • chiefly Atl, esp C Atl, N Atl

      batfish n 2 • Atl coast

      bight n 1 • chiefly Atl States

      *bluegill n • widespread, but least freq in Atl and Gulf States

      blue Peter n 2 • Atlantic

      boot n¹ 1b • widespread, but esp Atl States, Missip Valley; scattered West

      break away v phr • esp Atl States

      *breaking plow n • widespread, exc Atlantic and West

      bud n² 1c • esp Atlantic

      buddy n 1c • chiefly Nth, N Midl, Atlantic

      bugle n 1 • chiefly Atlantic, upper Missip Valley

      butterfish n 1 • chiefly Atlantic

      cat’s-paw n 7 • chiefly Atl, esp N Atl

      cinch n¹ 2 • scattered, but esp NEast, Atlantic

      climb v 2b • chiefly Atl States, esp nNY, wNEng (MAP)

      commode n 4b • scattered, but esp Atl, Nth

      co-nan(nie) v phr • chiefly east of the Missip R, esp Atlantic

      conger eel n 2 • Atl coast

      congo eel n 1 • Atl coast

      corvina n a • Atl coast

      corvina n c • Atl and Gulf coasts

      country adj • chiefly Sth, Atlantic (MAP)

      *coverlet n 1 • widespread, but least freq in West and Atlantic (MAP)

      crank adj • Atlantic

      creek n¹ B1 • Atlantic, esp Mid and N Atl

      crossbar n • chiefly east of Missip R, esp Atlantic

      dairy n 1 • chiefly Atlantic (MAP)

      door n B3 • esp Atlantic

      drain n¹ C4 • Atlantic

      dungarees n pl • esp Atlantic (MAP)

      eel v • chiefly Atl States

      eelpot n 1 • Atlantic

      eelworm n • chiefly Atl

      English herring n • Atlantic

      *feeder n 7 • widely scattered, but less freq Atlantic

      fish hawk n 1 • widespread, but chiefly Atlantic, NW (MAP)

      fix v B7 • scattered, but chiefly Atlantic, Gt Lakes, CA (MAP)

      flatfish n 2 • Atl coast, esp NEng

      flaw n • Atl coast, esp Mid Atl

      flawy adj • Atl coast

      fluke n¹ • Atlantic coast

      freshet n 2 • chiefly Atlantic, Nth (MAP)

      frypan n • chiefly Atlantic, Inland Sth, West (MAP)

      gauze shirt n • chiefly Atlantic

      grassplot n • chiefly Atlantic (MAP)

      greenhead n 3 • widespread, but esp Atlantic

      grubby n 2 • Atlantic, esp N Atl

      handiron n¹ • chiefly Atlantic

      hard-shell clam n 1 • Atlantic

      *hey exclam 2 • scattered, but less freq Nth, Atlantic, West (MAP)

      *hind end n 1 • scattered, but less freq Atlantic (MAP)

      hominy n B1 • formerly widespread, now chiefly Atlantic, esp S Atl (MAP)

      horse n B7 • chiefly Atlantic, N Cent

      horse n, v (pronc) • chiefly Atlantic

      house n, v (pronc) • chiefly Atlantic, esp NEng, Mid and S Atl

      humor n • esp Atl

      hundred n, adj A1 • chiefly Atlantic, Sth, S Midl

      *hydrant n 1a • scattered, but less freq Nth, Atlantic (MAP)

      kindling wood n • scattered, but more freq Atl (MAP)

      laurel n 2 • chiefly Atlantic, Appalachians

      library n (pronc) • esp Atlantic

      main n¹ • chiefly Atlantic

      make up v phr 2 • chiefly Atlantic (MAP)

      mantelpiece n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midl, Atlantic (MAP)

      marry v (pronc) • chiefly Atlantic, Sth

      marsh hay n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Atlantic (MAP)

      *milk house n • widespread, but less freq Sth, Atlantic (MAP)

      mountain laurel n 1 • chiefly Atlantic

      mud hen n 1a • esp Atlantic

      *muley adj, n² A1 (pronc) • widespread exc Atlantic coast (MAP)

      *muley adj, n² A2 (pronc) • scattered, but less freq Atlantic coast, Gulf States (MAP)

      *muley adj B1 • widespread, but less freq Atlantic coast (MAP)

      northeaster n • chiefly Atlantic; also Gt Lakes (MAP)

      northwester n • chiefly Atlantic, Gulf States, Gt Lakes (MAP)

      oxeye n 1a • chiefly Atl coast

      pale fence n • chiefly Atlantic, esp PA (MAP)

      pheasant duck n • chiefly Atlantic, esp N Atl

      pig in a bag n • chiefly Atlantic (MAP)

      pop n² 1 • scattered, but esp Atlantic, Gulf States (MAP)

      pound n² 2 • Atlantic coast

      pound n² 3 • chiefly Atlantic coast

      pulled candy n • chiefly Atlantic, Sth, S Midl (MAP)

      pussley n 1a • scattered, but esp freq NEast, NCent, Atlantic (MAP)

      raw bar n • chiefly Atlantic, esp Mid Atl

      red drum n • chiefly Atl

      roach n¹ 1a • chiefly Atlantic

      row n 4 • chiefly Nth, Atlantic, Gulf States (MAP)

      salt-meadow grass n a • Atlantic and Gulf coasts

      scholar n • scattered, but esp Atlantic, N Cent (MAP)

      see v B2a • scattered, but chiefly Atl, esp NEast

      seesaw n 1 • chiefly Atlantic, Sth, S Midl, SW (MAP and Map Section)

      serenade n • chiefly Appalachians, Atlantic exc sNEng (MAP)

      setting room n • chiefly Atlantic, esp NEast 

      shad n 1 • chiefly Atl

      shine n 4 • scattered, but esp Atlantic, Sth, S Midl (MAP)

      *shivaree n B1 • widespread, but less freq Atlantic, Gulf States exc FL (MAP and Map Section)

      shool v • chiefly Atl, esp NEng

      silversides n 1 • chiefly Atlantic

      sneaky Pete n 1 • chiefly Atlantic (MAP)

      south-southerly n • Atlantic, esp Mid Atl

      *straight up, not to know v phr • scattered, but rare Atlantic (MAP)

      straw ride n • esp Atlantic

      striped bass n 1 • scattered, but chiefly Atlantic, Lower Missip Valley, CA (MAP)

      swamp mosquito n • chiefly Atlantic

      take v B1b • scattered, but esp Atlantic (MAP)

      thisaway adv • scattered, but more freq Atlantic, Sth, S Midl, TX (MAP)

      thoroughfare n • Atlantic

      tractor-trailer n • scattered, but more freq Atlantic (MAP and Map Section)

      *trade-last n • widespread, but less freq Atlantic (MAP)

      traffic circle n • chiefly Atlantic, Gulf States, SW(MAP)

      transformation n • chiefly Atlantic, N Cent (MAP)

      water witch n 1 • chiefly Atlantic, esp Mid Atl

      *water witch n 3 • widespread, but less freq Atlantic

      weir n (pronc) • chiefly Atlantic |wɛr, ˈwɛə(r), ˈwæə(r)|

      whistler n 3 • scattered, but esp Atlantic (MAP)

      *wiener n • widespread, but less freq Atlantic, West (MAP)

      *witching stick n • widespread, but less freq Atlantic, Gt Lakes (MAP)

      *woven wire n • widespread, but less freq Atlantic coast, Gulf States, SW, Pacific (MAP)

a name="Australian">Australian; Australian National Dictionary

      bloomer n • [Orig Austr slang: abbr for blooming error]

      gallows n 1c • [Austr Engl; AND 1847➝]

      gum tree n 3 • [AND 1789➝]

      Hughie n • [Cf OEDS Hughie “Austral. and N.Z. slang..”]

      killick n • Cf..AND

      mark v¹ 2 • [Cf AND 1883 ➝..] (MAP)

      mud-fat adj • [..cf also AND (at mud 2)]

      red gum n 2 • [AND 1788 ➝]

      saltbush n • [AND saltbush 1846 ➝]

      scarf n² • Cf AND, DNZE

      scrub n 1 • [..chiefly Austr, NZ]

      sollaker n • [Also in Austr slang (AND sollicker 1898 ➝)..]

      soul-case n • Cf ..AND

      suckhole n 3 • Cf AND (MAP)

      tacker n • [swEngl dial; now common in Austr Engl]

      tin dog n • [Cf AND tin dog (at dog n.¹ 2.d) 1924 ➝..]

      unfinancial adj 1 • [Cf OED2 financial a. 2 ``Of a member in a society: That pays (his subscription)''; 1892;..common in Australia and New Zealand.]

      unfinancial adj 2 • Cf AND, DNZE (at financial)

      whirly wind n • Cf..AND

B 

back-formation; back-form(ed)

      acquaintun ppl adj • [Perh back-formation from acquaintance or acquainting]

      ad ax n • [ad back-formation from adz taken as pl + ax]

      adz n (pronc) • by back-formation, |æd|

      aild v tr • [Back-formation from ailded]

      airify v • [Prob back-formation from airified, but cf -ify]

      all-fire n • [Back-formation from all-fired adj or adv]

      alterated ppl adj • [..perh *alterate (back-formation from alteration) + -ed]

      antigod(d)le v • [Var of antigogle or back-formation < antigodlin]

      antigogle v • [Prob back-formation < antigoglin]

      apee n • [Back-formation from Fr épice, understood as pl..]

      appendic n • [Sg back-formation from appendix taken as pl]

      appleknock v • [Back-formation < appleknocker]

      applicate v • [Back-formation from application, perh infl by supplicate]

      arnick n • [Prob back-formation from onyx as if it were pl]

      basting big adj phr • [..back-form from baster + big]

      bay v • [Perh back-form of bait v 3 understood as past tense]

      beef n A1 • rarely, by back-formation from pl, beeve

      bock n⁴ • [..perh back-formation of box a blow, buffet]

      book-keep v • [Back-formation from bookkeeper]

      botherate v • [Back-formation from botheration n]

      bullace n 1 • by back-formation, bully

      charter v • [Prob back-form from chartered]

      cheese n A • hence back-formed sg chee

      Chinee n² • [Back-formation from Chinese..]

      clodhop n • [Back-formation from clodhopper]

      clumse n • [Prob back-form < clumsy..]

      cohabitate v • [Back-formation from cohabitation]

      combinate v • [Back-formation from combination]

      confident v • [Perh back-formation from confidence v..]

      conjunct v • [Prob back-formation from conjunction]

      connip v • [Back-formation of conniption..]

      consolate v • [Prob a back-formation from consolation]

      consumpted ppl adj • [*consumpt v, back-formation from consumption]

      contage v • [Back-formation from contagious or contagion]

      convene v • [Prob back-formation from convenient]

      corn v 2 • [Back-formation from corned]

      corp n • [Back-formation from corpse, understood as pl]

      cose v • [Back-formation from cosy]

      crow n² • [Back-formation from croze, taken as pl]

      cuckold v • |ˈkʌkəl| (by back-formation, |ˈkʌkəld| being taken as pret)

      dare v A2 • [These forms..represent..back-formation from the negative da(r)snt..]

      dare v A3 • [Back-formation from A2 above..]

      deparch v • [Back-formation from departure]

      dinge n¹ • [Back-formation from dingy adj]

      dinge up v phr • [Back-formation from dingy soiled, discolored]

      distant n • [Prob back-formation from distance, analyzed as pl distants]

      diz v • [Prob back-formation from dizzy]

      dog rob v phr • [Back-formation from dog robber]

      double-head v 1 • [Back-formation from doubleheader 1]

      dowd n • [..perh a recent back-formation from dowdy..]

      dressmake v • [Back-formation from dressmaker]

      drib n • [Prob back-formation from dribble, driblet..]

      embarras n • *embarra sg (by back-formation)

      farsee v • [Perh back-formation from far-sight; prob infl by foresee]

      farth adj, adv • [Back-formations from farther, farthest, further, furthest]

      fertili n • [Back-formation from fertilize n, understood as pl]

      flinder v¹ • [..perh US use is an independent back-formation from flinders 1]

      flock n • [Back-formation from phlox understood as pl]

      flommuck n • [Back-formation from flummox n, taken as pl]

      folk n B1a • [Back-formation from pl folks]

      frivol v • [Back-formation from frivolous]

      frow v • [Perh back-formation from frowy adj¹]

      galak v • [Back-formation from galax, understood as pl]

      gald v • [Back-formation from galded, pleonastic past pple of gall..]

      gamle v • [Prob back-formation from gamlin stick..]

      ginger adj • [Back-formation from gingerly adv..]

      glab v • [Perh back-formation from glabber infl by gab..]

      hifalute v • [Back-form from highfalutin]

      ho n • [Back-formation from hose understood as pl..]