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Q R

Q R
  • Quakers
    • concern n • Esp among Quakers
    • facing bench n • Among Quakers
    • feel the weight of the meeting v phr • Among Quakers
    • first day n 1 • chiefly among Quakers; old-fash exc in ref to days of worship
    • first month n • among Quakers
    • gay adj 1 • Among Quakers
  • Quechua
    • jerky n2 • [AmSpan charqui < Quechua ch’arki] (MAP)
    • puma n • [Span < Quechua]
    • quinine n • [Orig Quechua, via Span quinina or Fr quinine]
    • racacha n • [LaFr < AmSpan..< Quechua..]
  • rare
    • aboon prep, adv • rare
    • alto n • now rare exc in place names
    • ambacker juice n • rare
    • aneath prep • rare
    • bindle n • [..Engl dial bindle is rare..]
    • blanc-bec n • rare or obs
    • blaze-faced shirt n • rare
    • blugeons n • rare
    • bodaciously adv • Also rare or obs pronc-spp bardaciously,..
    • bonnyclabber n • Also barney clapper (rare)
    • chance n B2 • old-fash, rare
    • contrite v • rare
    • controverse v • rare
    • dash away v phr • [..rare in colloq speech..]
    • drumly adj, adv • rare
  • reanalysis; reanalyzed
    • -es suff1 2 • pl nouns on which the “double plurals” are based..reanalyzed as singulars
    • fool n1 1 • [Reanalysis of the proverb A fool for luck and a poor man for children..]
    • have adj • [By reanalysis of behave as be + have]
    • like vbl aux E2b • reanalysis of the idiom as like to adv [=“nearly”] + past tense verb
    • master hand n • [..perh reanalysis of master hand the hand of the master..]
    • offals n pl • [Prob by reanalysis of offal as mass noun..]
    • pitysake n • [By reanalysis of the phr for pity’s sake]
  • reduced; reduction
    • -a (pronc) • [..perh from earlier [aɪ], altered when word-final stress was reduced..]
    • ahold n • [Prob a indef art, now usu reduced to inert vowel + hold..]
    • another-guess adj • [..reduced from anothergets, anothergates..]
    • anti-over n, exclam • [Reduced from Antony-over]
    • at v • [Reduced from to go at or similar phr]
    • bar n4 • [Reduced form of barrow n2]
    • cratch v • [Reduction of scratch]
    • -es suff1 3b • for words in which the cons cluster has been reduced to [s]
    • -es suff1 1b • for words in which the consonant clusters have been reduced to [s]
    • escavation n • [Var of excavation by cons cluster reduction]
    • fay knight exclam • [Perh reduced from “(on the) faith of a knight”..]
    • go v B • Note: It is possible that in some cases the to has been lost by phonetic reduction
    • have v2 (pronc) • [..have is freq reduced to [ə] (pronc-spp coulda,..)]
    • hi-ya exclam • [Reduced from How are you?]
    • hike v 1a • Forms ending in -em, -er, -et may be hike plus reduced pronoun
    • hussy n1 • [Reduced forms of housewife..]
    • i prep • [By reduction of by in exclam phrr by God, by Jesus and varr ..]
    • ice potato n • [Pronc-sp for Irish potato reflecting reduction of [ˈaɪrɪš > aɪš > aɪs]..]
    • look v A1 • [Reduced forms of look you, look ye..]
    • man n C2 • [..often with phonetically reduced forms..]
    • me adj • Phonetic reduction of [maɪ] to [mi, mɪ, mə]
    • mint adj • [Reduced from a mind..]
    • pumice n2 • [By reduction of..pumice stone..]
    • rifle gun n • [..phonetic reduction of rifled gun..]
  • redundant; redundantly; also pleonastic, pleonastically
    • all anymore adj phr • [Redund: all adj2 + anymore]
    • all two adj, pron, conj • Also occas in redund phr all two both
    • at prep 4 • Used redundantly, usu at the end of a where clause
    • bare-naked adj • [Redund]
    • be v B2c • in contr I’m—used redund
    • bed blanket n • [Redund..]
    • beg on v phr • [beg + redund on prep]
    • best-goodest n • [Redund..]
    • bestmost n • [Redund best + -most]
    • Bible-book n • [Pleonastic formation]
    • bone felon n • [Redund bone + felon]
    • brogan n 1 • ..also redund comb brogan shoe..
    • cabbage kraut n • [Redund cpd]
    • cackle v • Also..redund cackle-laugh
    • catabias adj, adv • [Alter of cater- + pleonastic bias]
    • cot bed n • [Redund]
    • cowhanded adj • [cow alter of car left-handed, awkward; from Gael and Ir cearr + (redund) handed;..]
    • cramp-colic n • [Redund]
    • disregardless adj, adv • [Redund..]
    • door shutter n • [Redund]
    • dry drought n • [Redund..]
    • dusty miller n 5 • [redund dusty + miller..]
    • -ed suff 1 • added redundantly to the std past and past ppl of regular verbs
    • -ed suff 6 • added redundantly to adjs formed from nouns + ed
    • -en suff5 • [..orig added redundantly to existing verbs in ME..]
    • engineerman n • [Redund]
    • fail out v phr • [fail + redund out perh by analogy with flunk out]
    • fettiglich n • [Prob Ger fettig fatty, greasy + redund lich -ly]
    • finally at last adv phr • [Redund]
    • for prep B4b • To form pleonastic or mildly intensive adj phrr--usu with certain, sure, true, and similar adjs.
    • free gratis adv phr • [Redund..]
    • gald v • [Back-formation from galded, pleonastic past pple of gall..]
    • gnat-fly n • [Redund..]
    • go v A4d • in phr going to + infin (rarely with redund to): pronc-spp gointa,..
    • grape-vineyard n • [Redund..]
    • hair wig n • [Redund..]
    • half in two adv phr, adj phr • [Redund..]
    • hand man n • [Redund hand n B1 + man]
    • hardly adv A1 • Used with redundant negative
    • have v2 • Used redundantly in counter-factual constrs
    • hawk-bird n • [Redund..]
    • he pron 1 • Used redundantly with a noun subject
    • hound dog n • [Redund..]
    • horse beast • [Redund..]
    • humpknot • [Redund..]
    • -ify suff • often added pleonastically to verbs
    • -ing suff B2 • Added redundantly to vbl nouns or progressive forms of verbs
    • it pron C2 • Used redundantly immediately following a noun subject
    • jag v1 A1 • occas pleonastic jugged
    • jailhouse n • [Redund..] (MAP)
    • jig load n • [Var of jag n2 1a + redund load]
    • kill v C1 • used with redundant or emphatic adverbs, esp out, up
    • kill v C2 • [Redund..]
    • leastest adj • [Redund..]
    • let v B1 • in redund phrr let’s us (or we)
    • lightwood n1 • also in redund combs lighter(d)-wood (MAP)
    • like v1 B • pleonastic lakted, likeded, likted
    • man-person n • [Redund..]
    • manzana apple n • [Redund; Span manzana apple]
    • me pron 3a • redundant
    • me pron 3b • Redundantly (with transitive verbs)
    • -ment suff B • freq redund
    • mirror glass n • [Redund..]
    • money miser n • [Redund..]
    • nary adj 1 • comb nary a one (with pleonastic article) (MAP)
    • noggin-head n • [Redund]
    • nohow adv 1 • usu used redundantly to emphasize a negation
    • none pron Bb • often used redundantly after a negation
    • nowheres adv • often used with redund negative
    • of prep B • Used redund
    • often usually adv phr • [Redund..]
    • on prep B2 • Used redund
    • ought v C2a • rarely foll by pleonastic neg
    • outen prep 1 • Occas with redund of
    • pail n 3 • in redund comb pail bucket
    • pillow beer n • rarely, redund pillibear case
    • pistol gun n • [Redund..]
    • pneumonia fever n • [Redund]
    • poke n1 1a • redund poke bag (or sack)
    • prod pole n • [Redund] (MAP)
    • -s suff3 • Used as a redundant plural-forming suffix
    • she n 1b • occas used redundantly
    • she pron 1 • Used redundantly with a noun subject
  • reduplicated; reduplication
    • blab-blab n • [Redup form of blab one who gossips or chatters]
    • buddy-buddy n • [Redup of buddy n]
    • crinklety adj • Also redup form crinklety-cranklety
    • de-de phr • [Prob redup of de var of there..]
    • deh adv • ..redup dey-dey..
    • dibble n • ..redup dibble-dabble
    • dribs and drabs n pl • [Redup from drib]
    • drip-drop n • [Redup]
    • drizzle-drazzle n • [Redup of drizzle]
    • drizzle-fizzle n • [Redup of drizzle, with added sense of fizzle a failure]
    • even-even adj • [Redup for intensification..]
    • fam-fam n • [Creole redup form of Fr faim hunger]
    • filfil v • [Redup form of fill, prob infl by fulfill]
    • fizzle-dizzle n • [fizzle carbonated water + dizzle redup]
    • flang-dang n • [Redup var of fling; cf whing-ding]
    • flimsy-flamsy adj • [Perh redup of flimsy frivolous, superficial]
    • fritter-fretter n • [Redup of fretter]
    • frivle-fravle n • [Redup of frivol]
    • fuzz-buzz n • [Redup form of fuzz; infl by fussbudget and varr]
    • fuzzy-guzzy n • [Redup of fuzzy]
    • fuzzy-wuzzy n • [Redup of fuzzy]
    • hinky dinky n • [Redup of dinky n1 1]
    • hishy-hash(y) n • [By redup from hash..]
    • hoity-toity adj • [Redup]
    • hokey-pokey n3 • [Redup var of pokey jail..]
    • holo v • Also redup holoholo
    • hotty-dotty n • [Redup..]
    • huffjuff n • [Perh huff..+juff redup..]
    • jeezy-peezy intj • [Redup euphem for Jesus (Christ)]
    • jib-job lot n • [Perh redup of job lot..]
    • kini n • Also redup kinikini
    • kulikuli v • [Haw; redup of kuli noise]
    • lomi v • Also redup lomilomi
    • lomi salmon n • Also redup lomilomi (salmon)
    • moly, holy exclam • [Redup var of Holy Moses..]
    • nicey-nice adj • [Redup]
    • one-one adv, adj, n • [Redup]
    • ownty do(w)nty n, adj phr • [Redup]
    • palsy-walsy adj, n • [Redup of palsy]
    • Rackensack n • [By metath, redup..]
    • skitter-skatter adv • [Redup]
  • relic
    • all to adv • relic
    • alongst prep • relic
    • antem n • relic
    • appoint v (pronc) • old-fash or relic
    • as prep C • relic
    • asarabacca n • now prob relic in Appalachians or obs
    • battle-hammed adj • chiefly among Black speakers; relic
    • ben n1 • relic
    • blutter adj • relic
    • bolden v, adj • relic
    • cark v • relic
    • child n A2 (pronc) • relic
    • coast n 2 • relic
    • coonskin n1 • [Perh a relic from the fur trade..]
    • crowner n2 • relic
    • devise v • relic
    • disgust v • relic
    • dress v 6 • [..perh simply aphet form..rather than a relic]
    • drill v1 • relic
    • duke v • relic
    • dunt adj • relic
    • enjoy v B1 • relic
    • farce v • relic
    • fixen n • relic
    • grindlestone n • relic
    • hicket n • ?relic
    • hustlement n • relic
    • lackaday intj • relic
    • laxed ppl adj • [..here perh a relic..]
    • long v B1 • relic
    • methinks v • relic
    • month n D • relic
    • pightle n • relic
    • -s suff6 • [Relic of the Ger genitive ending used in certain expressions of time]
  • reversed compound; reversal (See also metathesis)
    • alder tag n • [Reversal of tag alder]
    • backswitch n • [Reversed compound..]
    • band rubber n • [Reversed compound..]
    • everhow adv • [Reversed cpd]
    • everwhat pron • [Reversed cpd]
    • everwhen pron • [Reversed cpd]
    • everwhere pron • [Reversed cpd]
    • everwhich pron • [Reversed cpd]
    • everwho pron • [Reversed cpd]
    • fallover n • [Reversed cpd < overfall..]
    • friend-girl n • [Reversed compound..]
    • jawlock n • [Reversed compound..]
    • layway v • [Reversed compound..]
    • lookout n • [..but perh reversed compound..]
    • look over v phr • [..but perh reversed compound..]
    • maid’s bride n • [Reversed compound; cf bridesmaid..]
    • offcast n • [OED 1587 ➝; but perh reversed compound..]
    • outlay n • [Prob reversed compound..]
    • overlay n • [Reversed compound..]
    • pour-down n • [Reversed cpd]
  • reverse order
    • same old six and seven, the phr • [..the reverse order is prob due to the infl of at sixes and sevens..]
  • Rhode Island
    • bandudelums n pl • RI
    • bastard broadbill n • esp NY, RI
    • brava n • seMA, RI
    • cabinet n • RI, seMA
    • cade n • seMA, sRI
    • closet n 1 • chiefly Nth, esp RI
    • cob pie n • RI
    • conquedle n • NEng, esp RI
    • cracky benders n • CT, RI
    • dandle n • chiefly wRI
    • dog grass n 1 • chiefly NEast, esp RI
    • driftway n • NEng, now esp RI
    • eaceworm n • chiefly sNEng, esp RI
    • election day n • MA, RI
    • horn v 3 • VT, RI
    • milk shake n 1 • esp MA, RI
    • New York system n • RI
    • pooquaw n • MA, RI
    • quahog n (pronc) • chiefly RI |ˈkwɔhɔg|
    • quahog n 1 • chiefly N Atl coast, esp MA, RI (MAP)
  • rhotacism
    • craw hammer n • [By rhotacism, from claw hammer]
    • frail n • [Engl dial, var of flail by rhotacism]
    • hagger v • [By rhotacism from haggle]
    • scutter n2 • [By rhotacism from scuttle]
  • Rocky Mountains
    • alkalied adj • West, esp Rocky Mts
    • barrow pit n 1 • chiefly West, esp Rocky Mts (MAP and Map Section)
    • belly-buster n, adv 1 • chiefly W Midl, Rocky Mts, NW (MAP)
    • black ice n 2 • chiefly NEast, Rocky Mts and Pacific, esp WA, OR
    • blue grouse n 1 • NW, Rocky Mts
    • *buck n1 4 • chiefly Nth, N Midl exc Rocky Mts, NW (MAP)
    • cat’s-breeches n • West, esp Rocky Mts, NW
    • cavvy n • West, esp Rocky Mts
    • *cellar n1 B2 • widespread, but least freq Plains States, Rocky Mts (MAP)
    • cut n 1a • chiefly east of Rocky Mts
    • derrick n • chiefly Rocky Mts
    • *earthworm n • widespread exc Rocky Mts, Upper MW; esp freq Sth (MAP)
    • forget-me-not n 1g • chiefly Rocky Mts
    • fox and geese n 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midl, Plains States, Rocky Mts (MAP)
    • gopher n1 2b(1) • chiefly N Cent, Upper MW, Rocky Mts
    • gray jay n • esp Rocky Mts, Pacific NW
    • hard-rock n • West, esp Rocky Mts
    • hay corral n • chiefly Rocky Mts, West
    • *hull n B2a(1) • widespread, but less freq Nth, Rocky Mts (MAP and Map Section)
    • Indian potato n i • esp Rocky Mts
    • kokanee (salmon) n • West, esp AK, NW, Rocky Mts
    • Mackinaw trout n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Rocky Mts
    • *median (strip) n 1a • widespread exc Pacific, Rocky Mts, LA, MS (MAP)
    • Mormon cricket n • chiefly Rocky Mts
    • mountain dandelion n • Rocky Mts, Pacific
    • mountain hedge n • Rocky Mts
    • mountain spray n • chiefly Rocky Mts
    • mutual n • chiefly Rocky Mts, Desert SW
    • nigger heaven n 1 • chiefly Nth, Plains States, Rocky Mts, CA (MAP)
    • overshot adj • esp NW, Rocky Mts
    • park n 1 • chiefly West, esp Rocky Mts
    • pom-pom-pullaway n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upper MW, Plains States, Rocky Mts, sCA (MAP)
    • prod pole n • chiefly Rocky Mts, SW (MAP)
    • quail n 1 • formerly chiefly NEng; now widespread east of Rocky Mts
    • rockchuck n • NW, Rocky Mts
    • sage chicken n • esp Rocky Mts
    • sage hen n1 • Pacific, Rocky Mts
    • serviceberry n • chiefly S Midl, Pacific NW, Rocky Mts (MAP)
    • sheep wagon n • chiefly Rocky Mts
    • sheepherder n • chiefly Rocky Mts, Pacific
    • sic ’em, not to know v phr • chiefly Inland Nth, esp Pacific NW, Rocky Mts, Upper MW (MAP)
  • Romany
    • cove n2 • [Brit cove chap, bloke, prob from Romany kova thing, person]
  • rural
    • a prep1 5 • chiefly among less educ and rural speakers; somewhat old-fash
    • animal n B1 • euphem, esp among rural and male speakers; somewhat old-fash
    • aristocratic adj • rural, old-fash
    • ass-end-to adv phr • rural (MAP)
    • boat n 1 • old-fash, rural
    • bog hoe n • rural
    • crock n1 2 • rural, old-fash
    • draw v B1 • chiefly among rural speakers, male speakers, and speakers with little formal educ, drawed
    • draw v B2 • chiefly among rural speakers, male speakers, and speakers with little formal educ, drew
    • draw v B2 • chiefly among rural speakers and speakers with little formal educ, drawed
    • -ed suff 2 • more freq among rural speakers, males, and speakers with less than hs educ
    • -ed suff 5 • esp among rural Infs with less than hs educ
    • elm n (pronc) • esp freq among men and among rural Infs, somewhat old-fash |ˈɛləm|
    • ewe n (pronc) • esp in rural areas, somewhat old-fash
    • face fly n • chiefly rural
    • fais-dodo n • rural
    • farm n 3 • chiefly rural
    • home demonstration n • esp in rural areas
    • home economic(s) club n • rural
    • hop v1 1 • rural (MAP)
    • plague v C1 • somewhat old-fash; esp freq in rural areas
    • raising n 1 • chiefly rural (MAP)
    • rogue n 1 • esp freq among rural speakers and speakers with little formal educ (MAP)
    • see v B2c • esp freq among rural speakers and those with little formal educ
    • see v B3a • esp freq among rural speakers and those with little formal educ
    • seven-up n 1 • chiefly among rural speakers and those with little formal educ
    • sit v1 2a • chiefly rural
    • sit v1 2b • chiefly rural; esp freq among speakers with little formal educ (MAP)
    • sit v1 3a • chiefly rural
    • sit v1 3b • chiefly rural (MAP)
  • Russian
    • babushka n • [Russ “grandmother”]
    • banya n • [Russ]
    • barabara n • [Russ]
    • bidar n • [Russ baidara, dimin baidarka]
    • borsch n • [From Russ borshch]
    • chy n • [Russ]
    • kielbasa n • [..Russ kolbasa]
    • moroshka n • [Russ moroshka]
    • nushnik n • [Russ nuzhnik]
    • pascha n • [Appar transf from Russ paskha Easter..]
    • petrushki n • [Russ petrushka parsley]
    • pirok n • [Russ pirog pie]
    • piroshki n • [Russ pirozhki, pl of pirozhok, dimin of pirog; cf pirok]
    • Russki n • [Russ Russkiy..]
    • sarana n • [Russ sarana, of Tatar orig]
    • -sky suff • [Appar in imitation of Russ (or other Slavic) names or other words ending with this element..]

       

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